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Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
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Everything about Dmard totally explained

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is a category of drugs used in many autoimmune disorders to slow down disease progression. Their use was first propagated in rheumatoid arthritis (hence their name) but has come to include many other diseases, such as Crohn's disease, lupus erythematosus (SLE), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), myasthenia gravis and various others. Some of these drugs are also used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis which may not, strictly speaking, be an autoimmune disorder. (See List of Autoimmune Diseases.)
   Some DMARDs are mild chemotherapeutics but use a side-effect of chemotherapy - immunosuppression - as its main therapeutical benefit.

Members

Drug Mechanism
adalimumab TNF inhibitor
azathioprine Purine synthesis inhibitor
chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (antimalarials)
cyclosporine (Cyclosporin A) inhibit calcineurin
D-penicillamine Reducing numbers of T-lymphocytes etc.
etanercept soluble TNFα receptor
gold salts (sodium aurothiomalate, auranofin)
infliximab monoclonal antibody against TNFα
leflunomide Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
methotrexate (MTX) Antifolate
minocycline 5-LO inhibitor
sulfasalazine (SSZ)

Alternatives

When treatment with DMARDs fails, cyclophosphamide or steroid pulse therapy is often used to stabilise uncontrolled autoimmune disease. Some severe autoimmune diseases are being treated with bone marrow transplants in clinical trials, usually after cyclophosphamide therapy has failed.

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